ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La mielopatía asociada con infección por HTLV-1 o paraparesia espástica tropical (MAH/PET) es una enfermedad crónica degenerativa del sistema nervioso central que afecta principalmente a la médula espinal. Está asociada a la infección por el virus linfotrópico humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1) que pertenece a la familia Retroviridae. América Latina, Asia y África Subsahariana son zonas endémicas de infección por HTLV-1 y MAH/ PET, entre el 2 % y el 17 %, la mayoría asintomáticos. Colombia tiene una alta prevalencia y en especial en su costa pacífica. En las mujeres la infección por HTLV-1 es más prevalente que en los hombres sin que sea clara la causa; se transmite por transfusiones sanguíneas (principalmente de sangre completa), lactancia materna o relaciones sexuales, que es la forma de transmisón más común en pacientes con MAH/PET. La MAH/PET se presenta principalmente en adultos, su periodo de incubación hasta el desarrollo de síntomas varía de dos años hasta décadas. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas de esta enfermedad son la paraparesia y espastici-dad lentamente progresiva que afecta la marcha, asociada con síntomas de esfínteres, como vejiga neurogénica o estreñimiento. Para su diagnóstico se requiere resonancia magnética (RM) de cerebro y médula espinal y la prueba de Elisa, las más usada, con confirmación mediante western blot (WB). En la actualidad no existe un tratamiento específico para la MAH/PET. En el futuro, el uso de biomarcadores ayudará a la detección temprana de la enfermedad e incluso como posible diana terapéutica.
SUMMARY Myelopathy associated with HTLV-1 infection or tropical spastic paraparesis (MAH / PET) is a chronic degenerative disease of the Central Nervous System that mainly affects the spinal cord. It is associated with infection by human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) that belongs to the Retroviridae family. Latin America, Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are endemic areas of infection by HTLV-1 and MAH / PET between 2 % and 17 %, most asymptomatic. Colombia has a high prevalence and especially on its Pacific coast. In women, HTLV-1 infection is more prevalent than in men without the cause being clear, it is transmitted by blood transfusions (mainly whole blood), breastfeeding and / or sexual intercourse, which is the most common form of transmission in patients with MAH / PET. MAH / PET occurs mainly in adults, its incubation period until the development of symptoms varies from 2 years to decades. The main clinical manifestations of this disease are slowly progressive paraparesis and spasticity affecting gait, associated with sphincter symptoms, such as neurogenic bladder or constipation. For its diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, spinal cord and the most used ELISA test are required with confirmation by western blot (WB). Currently there is no specific treatment for HAM / PET. In the future, the use of biomarkers will help early detection of the disease and even as a possible therapeutic target.
Subject(s)
Transit-Oriented DevelopmentABSTRACT
@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>SYNOPSIS:</strong> A variety of non-cardiac conditions have been reported to present with ischemic heart disease clinically and electrocardiographically like cholecystitis which leads to nonspecific T-wave inversions or ST-segment depressions, rarely it leads to ST-segment elevation.<br /><strong>CLINICAL PRESENTATION:</strong> We report a case of a 58-year-old,male, hypertensive, diabetic, and with hyperthyroidism on medication. Patient presents with two weeks history of epigastric pain associated with nausea and vomiting.Symptoms spontaneously resolved until one day prior to admission patient developed persistent abdominal pain.Patient was seen at a local hospital wherein work-up was done which showed leukocytosis on CBC, hydrops of gallbladder on ultrasound. Further work-up were anteroseptal wall ST elevation on ECG with negative cardiac enzymes. Patient was advised transfer to our institution. <br /><strong>PHYSICAL FINDINGS:</strong> Pertinent Physical exam includes tachycardia, epigastric tenderness and positive Murphy's sign. During the course, patient developed fever and jaundice. <br /><strong>LABORATORY WORK-UP:</strong> Repeat CBC still showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Repeat electrocardiogram showed anteroseptal wall ST elevation with negative Troponin.Echocardiogram showed adequate ejection fraction and adequate wall motion contractility.Thyroid function test showed increased FT4 and decreased TSH.<br /><strong>TREATMENT:</strong> Patient was initially started with acute coronary syndrome regimen. Antibiotics were initiated and anti-thyroid and anti-diabetes drugs were adjusted accordingly.There was noted progressive abdominal pain; hence, patient was referred to surgery. Patient was cardio-pulmonary and endocrinologically prepared and cleared for the procedure. Patient tolerated the procedure.<br /><strong>OUTCOME:</strong> Patient was discharged improved with noted improvement of the electrocardiogram.</p>
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Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acute Coronary Syndrome , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Heart Conduction System , Coronary Artery Disease , Tachycardia , Cholecystitis , Hyperthyroidism , Diabetes Mellitus , CholecystectomyABSTRACT
This study is aimed to identify sources of particulate matter with mean aerodynamic diameter below 10 microm [PM[10]] present in the atmosphere of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City [MAMC], using samples obtained from January 1st to June 30th, 2009, analyzed with X-ray spectrometric techniques. MiniVol samplers were used to collect samples on polycarbonate filters in three sites [North, Center, and South] of the MAMC. The filters were exposed along 24 h every two days, starting at 8:00 AM, and then analyzed with particle induced X-ray emission [PIXE], a microPIXE [microPIXE] system, and X-ray fluorescence [XRF]. Statistical multivariate tests with positive matrix factorization [PMF] were conducted to identify possible contributing factors. The model HYSPLIT was used to determine back-trajectories and the MODIS database for fire spot localization. The multivariate methods identified five factors in the Center and South, and four in the North, including Soil, Sulfate, Fuel/Industry, and Biomass burning, with certain differences in the factors and contributions. Application of HYSPLIT back-trajectories associated these factors to three main Soil sources and points of secondary aerosols production, as well as locations where Biomass burning aerosols were originated. The combination of X-ray spectrometric methods, receptor modeling, back-trajectory determination, and fire site localization, allowed the identification of possible sources of PM[10] in the MAMC, namely, the dry Texcoco lake, the Toluca Valley, and the North dry plains for Soil aerosols, the influence of local industrial areas for Sulfate [secondary] aerosols, and the appearance of fires for Biomass burning
Subject(s)
Soil , Sulfates , BiomassSubject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/pathology , Antithyroid Agents/adverse effects , Choanal Atresia/chemically induced , Methimazole/adverse effects , Choanal Atresia/pathology , Graves Disease/drug therapy , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy Complications/drug therapyABSTRACT
This identifies insects visiting and/or pollinating the flowers of the study "African Oil Palm" Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and the "Brazilian Oil Palm" Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K.) Cortés. Insects were collected at different times of day at different locations, when the male inflorescences were at full anthesis. A total of 159 individual insects were collected including, among others, Meliponid bees: Trigona spp. (on African and Brazilian Oil Palms), Apis mellifera adansonii and Partamona sp. (on African Oil Palm). Also observed were a considerable number of insects in genus Elaeidobius (family Curculionidae) flying about the inflorescence, indicating that they also play a role in the pollination of both palm species. Beetle larvae in the family Lycidae were also noted on the plant inflorescences.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo a identificação dos insetos visitantes e polinizadores das flores do "dendê" Elaeis guineensis Jacq., e do "caiaué" Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés, atráves de coletas em locais e horários diferentes, quando as inflorescências masculinas das plantas encontravam-se em plena antese. Um total de 159 insetos foram observados tendo sido constatado dentre os diversos tipos de visitantes, os meliponídeos: Trigona sp. ("dendê" e "caiaué"), Apis mellifera adansonni e Partamona sp. ("dendê"). Constatou-se ainda a presença de uma quantidade razoável de insetos da família Curculionidae do gênero Elaeidobius, que voavam em torno das inflorescências, sendo evidente a sua participação na polinização das espécies estudadas. Além disso, verificou-se a presença de larvas de um coléoptero da família lycidae, junto as inflorescências das plantas.